CHANGELOG.md

@@ -5,6 +5,23 @@ All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
 The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/),
 and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).
 
+## [Unreleased]
+
+### Fixed
+- Count hard-link allocation once in a deterministic traversal order while
+  retaining apparent sizes per pathname. Filtered comparison has independent
+  allocation ownership, including when the first link is ignored.
+- Report filesystem errors and incomplete ancestor totals instead of silently
+  dropping errors or treating vanished entries as accessible empty directories.
+- Inherit ignore rules when scanning nested directories; accept dangling
+  symlinks as scan targets and distinguish special files from directories.
+
+### Added
+- A scanner module with structured reports, file identities, progress counters,
+  cooperative cancellation, and per-scan thread pools.
+- Optional `-x` / `--one-file-system` boundary handling. Partial CLI reports
+  return a nonzero exit status and include `complete` in JSON output.
+
 ## [1.0.0] - 2026-01-22
 
 This stable release marks the official launch of `sized` under the GNU General Public License v3.0.
@@ -19,4 +36,4 @@ This stable release marks the official launch of `sized` under the GNU General P
 - **Exporting**: Support for CSV and NDJSON output formats.
 - **Documentation**: Comprehensive standard Unix man pages and a detailed user guide.
 - **Shell Completions**: Automatic generation for Bash, Zsh, and Fish.
-- **Licensing**: GPL-3.0 to ensure the tool remains a shared public resource.
+- **Licensing**: GPL-3.0 to ensure the tool remains a shared public resource.

MANUAL.md

@@ -35,9 +35,24 @@ sized [path]
 ```
 
 ### Key Concepts
-- **Disk Usage** (Default): The actual physical space consumed on disk (Blocks * 512 bytes). This is the "true" footprint and the metric `sized` prioritizes.
+- **Disk Usage** (Default): Filesystem-reported allocation (Blocks * 512 bytes), with hard links counted once per scan. Shared extents and snapshots can make this differ from the space recovered by deletion.
 - **Apparent Size**: The logical size of the entry (file length). Available via the `-a` or `--apparent` flag.
-- **Blocks**: The actual filesystem blocks allocated.
+- **Blocks**: Filesystem-reported 512-byte units of allocation. Directory metadata is included.
+
+Symlinks are scanned as leaves, including dangling links; their targets are not
+followed. Missing targets or unreadable entries are reported on stderr. Partial
+scans return a nonzero exit status and JSON includes `complete: false`; inspect
+that status before relying on a total.
+
+### Filesystem Boundary (`-x` / `--one-file-system`)
+
+Skip entries whose device differs from the scan root, useful when a directory
+contains mounted filesystems. Boundary entries contribute no size, and JSON
+marks them with `skipped_mount`.
+
+```bash
+sized -x /path/to/volume
+```
 
 ### Path Display
 - **Relative Path** (Default): `sized` shows paths relative to the current directory.
@@ -53,7 +68,7 @@ sized -d 1
 ```
 
 > [!NOTE]
-> Regardless of the display depth, `sized` always calculates the *total* size of all subdirectories accurately by traversing the entire tree.
+> Display depth limits output, not scanning. The tree is traversed unless filtered or excluded by a filesystem boundary; scan errors mark totals incomplete.
 
 ## Filtering and Sorting
 

README.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ A fast, concurrent, and feature-rich command-line tool for visualizing disk usag
 
 ## Features
 
-- **Physical by Default**: Prioritizes **Disk Usage** (actual blocks consumed) as the default metric, essential for accurately seeing how much storage is actually gone.
+- **Allocation by Default**: Prioritizes filesystem-reported allocated blocks; sparse files retain their separate apparent size, and hard-link allocation is counted once per scan. Reported allocation is not a promise of bytes freed by deletion on filesystems with shared extents or snapshots.
 - **Fast & Concurrent**: Uses `rayon` to process directories in parallel, making it extremely fast on modern multi-core systems.
 - **Rich Output**: Beautifully formatted tables with colors, distinguishing files and directories.
 - **Apparent Size**: Toggle logical file length with `-a` or `--apparent`.
@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ sized /path/to/directory
 | `-f`, `--path-full` | Force absolute paths in headers | `sized -f` |
 | `-i`, `--ignore` | Respect .gitignore files | `sized -i` |
 | `-j`, `--threads` | Set number of threads | `sized -j 4` |
+| `-x`, `--one-file-system` | Skip entries on other filesystems | `sized -x /` |
 | `--format` | Output format (text, csv, json) | `sized --format json` |
 | `--save` | Save output to file | `sized --save` |
 | `-c`, `--compare` | Compare total vs. non-ignored files | `sized -i -c` |
@@ -137,6 +138,17 @@ autoload -Uz compinit && compinit
 sized --completions fish > ~/.config/fish/completions/sized.fish
 ```
 
+## Scan status and library API
+
+Scans report missing or unreadable entries on stderr and return a nonzero status
+when incomplete. JSON reports include `complete` so automation can distinguish
+a partial report from a fully scanned tree. Symlinks are not followed.
+
+Library users can call `scan_tree` with `ScanOptions` and a fresh `ScanControl`
+for each request. Clones of the control expose progress and cancellation;
+cancellation is cooperative between filesystem calls. `build_tree` remains as
+a convenience helper, while `scan_tree` retains structured diagnostics.
+
 ## License
 
 This project is licensed under the **GNU General Public License v3.0 (GPL-3.0)**.

sized.1

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 .ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
 .el .ds Aq '
-.TH sized 1  "sized 1.0.0" 
+.TH sized 1  "sized 1.0.0"
 .SH NAME
 sized \- A modern, fast, and concurrent disk usage analyzer
 .SH SYNOPSIS
-\fBsized\fR [\fB\-v\fR|\fB\-\-version\fR] [\fB\-m\fR|\fB\-\-min\-size\fR] [\fB\-n\fR|\fB\-\-number\fR] [\fB\-\-sort\fR] [\fB\-a\fR|\fB\-\-apparent\fR] [\fB\-d\fR|\fB\-\-depth\fR] [\fB\-f\fR|\fB\-\-path\-full\fR] [\fB\-\-path\-relative\fR] [\fB\-j\fR|\fB\-\-threads\fR] [\fB\-\-completions\fR] [\fB\-i\fR|\fB\-\-ignore\fR] [\fB\-\-format\fR] [\fB\-\-save\fR] [\fB\-\-precision\fR] [\fB\-\-units\fR] [\fB\-c\fR|\fB\-\-compare\fR] [\fB\-h\fR|\fB\-\-help\fR] [\fIPATH\fR] 
+\fBsized\fR [\fB\-v\fR|\fB\-\-version\fR] [\fB\-m\fR|\fB\-\-min\-size\fR] [\fB\-n\fR|\fB\-\-number\fR] [\fB\-\-sort\fR] [\fB\-a\fR|\fB\-\-apparent\fR] [\fB\-d\fR|\fB\-\-depth\fR] [\fB\-f\fR|\fB\-\-path\-full\fR] [\fB\-\-path\-relative\fR] [\fB\-j\fR|\fB\-\-threads\fR] [\fB\-x\fR|\fB\-\-one\-file\-system\fR] [\fB\-\-completions\fR] [\fB\-i\fR|\fB\-\-ignore\fR] [\fB\-\-format\fR] [\fB\-\-save\fR] [\fB\-\-precision\fR] [\fB\-\-units\fR] [\fB\-c\fR|\fB\-\-compare\fR] [\fB\-h\fR|\fB\-\-help\fR] [\fIPATH\fR]
 .SH DESCRIPTION
 A modern, fast, and concurrent disk usage analyzer
 .SH OPTIONS
@@ -36,6 +36,9 @@ Display paths relative to current directory (default)
 \fB\-j\fR, \fB\-\-threads\fR \fI<THREADS>\fR
 Number of threads to use (defaults to available logical CPUs)
 .TP
+\fB\-x\fR, \fB\-\-one\-file\-system\fR
+Stay on the target\*(Aqs filesystem instead of descending into other mounts
+.TP
 \fB\-\-completions\fR \fI<COMPLETIONS>\fR
 Generate shell completions
 .br
@@ -76,6 +79,3 @@ Print help
 Directory to analyze
 .SH VERSION
 v1.0.0
-
-.SH COPYRIGHT
-sized is licensed under the GNU General Public License v3.0 (GPL-3.0).

src/lib.rs

@@ -6,15 +6,17 @@ use colored::*;
 use comfy_table::presets::UTF8_FULL;
 use comfy_table::{Attribute, Cell, CellAlignment, Color, ContentArrangement, Table};
 use csv::WriterBuilder;
-use ignore::WalkBuilder;
-use rayon::prelude::*;
-use serde::Serialize;
 use std::cmp::Ordering;
 use std::io::Write;
-use std::os::unix::fs::MetadataExt;
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 use std::str::FromStr;
 
+pub mod scan;
+pub use scan::{
+    scan_tree, EntryType, FileIdentity, Node, ScanControl, ScanError, ScanIssue, ScanOptions,
+    ScanReport,
+};
+
 #[derive(Parser, Debug, Clone)]
 #[command(author, version, about, long_about = None)]
 #[command(disable_version_flag = true)]
@@ -61,6 +63,10 @@ pub struct Args {
     #[arg(short = 'j', long = "threads")]
     pub threads: Option<usize>,
 
+    /// Stay on the target's filesystem instead of descending into other mounts
+    #[arg(short = 'x', long)]
+    pub one_file_system: bool,
+
     /// Generate shell completions
     #[arg(long, value_enum)]
     pub completions: Option<Shell>,
@@ -147,40 +153,14 @@ impl FromStr for SortDirection {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Debug)]
-pub struct Node {
-    pub path: PathBuf,
-    pub size_bytes: u64,
-    pub blocks: u64,
-    pub size_bytes_filtered: u64,
-    pub blocks_filtered: u64,
-    pub entry_type: EntryType,
-    pub accessible: bool,
-    #[serde(skip)]
-    pub children: Vec<Node>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
-pub enum EntryType {
-    File,
-    Dir,
-}
-
-impl std::fmt::Display for EntryType {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        match self {
-            EntryType::File => write!(f, "File"),
-            EntryType::Dir => write!(f, "Dir"),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn run(args: Args, mut writer: &mut dyn Write) {
+/// Returns whether the scan completed without missing entries. The caller
+/// chooses the exit status; partial reports remain available to the user.
+pub fn run(args: Args, mut writer: &mut dyn Write) -> bool {
     if let Some(shell) = args.completions {
         let mut cmd = Args::command();
         let name = cmd.get_name().to_string();
         generate(shell, &mut cmd, name, &mut std::io::stdout());
-        return;
+        return true;
     }
 
     if let Some(out_dir) = args.generate_man_page {
@@ -193,23 +173,11 @@ pub fn run(args: Args, mut writer: &mut dyn Write) {
         let file_path = out_dir.join("sized.1");
         std::fs::write(&file_path, buffer).expect("Failed to write man page");
         println!("Man page generated at {}", file_path.display());
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if let Some(threads) = args.threads {
-        rayon::ThreadPoolBuilder::new()
-            .num_threads(threads)
-            .build_global()
-            .ok(); // Ignore error if initialized called multiple times (e.g. in tests)
+        return true;
     }
 
     let target_path = args.path.clone();
 
-    if !target_path.exists() {
-        eprintln!("Error: Path '{}' does not exist.", target_path.display());
-        std::process::exit(1);
-    }
-
     let min_bytes = if let Some(size_str) = &args.min_size {
         match Byte::parse_str(size_str, true) {
             Ok(byte) => byte.as_u64(),
@@ -234,134 +202,55 @@ pub fn run(args: Args, mut writer: &mut dyn Write) {
         }
     }
 
-    let root_node = build_tree(&target_path, args.ignore, args.compare);
+    let report = match scan_tree(
+        &target_path,
+        &ScanOptions {
+            respect_ignore: args.ignore,
+            compare_ignore: args.compare,
+            stay_on_filesystem: args.one_file_system,
+            threads: args.threads,
+        },
+        &ScanControl::default(),
+    ) {
+        Ok(report) => report,
+        Err(e) => {
+            eprintln!("Error: {e}");
+            return false;
+        }
+    };
+    for issue in &report.issues {
+        eprintln!(
+            "Warning: incomplete scan at '{}': {}",
+            issue.path.display(),
+            issue.message
+        );
+    }
+    let root_node = report.root;
 
     if root_node.size_bytes < min_bytes {
         if args.format == OutputFormat::Text {
             writeln!(writer, "Root directory is smaller than minimum size.").ok();
         }
-        return;
+        return root_node.complete;
     }
 
     process_node_recursive(&mut writer, &root_node, 0, &args, min_bytes, &sort_criteria);
+    root_node.complete
 }
 
 pub fn build_tree(path: &Path, ignore: bool, compare: bool) -> Node {
-    let metadata = path.symlink_metadata();
-
-    if let Ok(meta) = metadata {
-        // Treat symlinks as files (nodes) but do not recurse
-        if meta.is_file() || meta.is_symlink() {
-            return Node {
-                path: path.to_path_buf(),
-                size_bytes: meta.len(),
-                blocks: meta.blocks(),
-                size_bytes_filtered: meta.len(), // Single file is its own filtered size for now
-                blocks_filtered: meta.blocks(),
-                entry_type: EntryType::File,
-                accessible: true,
-                children: vec![],
-            };
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Check if we can read the directory (handle permissions)
-    if let Err(e) = std::fs::read_dir(path) {
-        if e.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::PermissionDenied {
-            // Return an "empty" directory node marked as inaccessible
-            let meta = path.symlink_metadata().ok();
-            let size = meta.as_ref().map(|m| m.len()).unwrap_or(0);
-            let blocks = meta.as_ref().map(|m| m.blocks()).unwrap_or(0);
-            return Node {
-                path: path.to_path_buf(),
-                size_bytes: size,
-                blocks,
-                size_bytes_filtered: size,
-                blocks_filtered: blocks,
-                entry_type: EntryType::Dir,
-                accessible: false,
-                children: vec![],
-            };
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Total walker (always everything if compare is true, else respects 'ignore' arg)
-    let total_ignore = if compare { false } else { ignore };
-    let walker_total = WalkBuilder::new(path)
-        .standard_filters(false)
-        .hidden(false)
-        .git_ignore(total_ignore)
-        .ignore(total_ignore)
-        .max_depth(Some(1))
-        .build();
-
-    let child_paths_total: Vec<PathBuf> = walker_total
-        .into_iter()
-        .filter_map(|e| e.ok())
-        .filter(|e| e.path() != path)
-        .map(|e| e.path().to_path_buf())
-        .collect();
-
-    // Filtered set (only if compare is true)
-    let non_ignored_set: std::collections::HashSet<PathBuf> = if compare {
-        let walker_filtered = WalkBuilder::new(path)
-            .standard_filters(false)
-            .hidden(false)
-            .git_ignore(true)
-            .ignore(true)
-            .max_depth(Some(1))
-            .build();
-
-        walker_filtered
-            .into_iter()
-            .filter_map(|e| e.ok())
-            .filter(|e| e.path() != path)
-            .map(|e| e.path().to_path_buf())
-            .collect()
-    } else {
-        std::collections::HashSet::new()
-    };
-
-    let children: Vec<Node> = child_paths_total
-        .par_iter()
-        .map(|p| build_tree(p, ignore, compare))
-        .collect();
-
-    let mut size_bytes = 0;
-    let mut blocks = 0;
-    let mut size_bytes_filtered = 0;
-    let mut blocks_filtered = 0;
-
-    for child in &children {
-        size_bytes += child.size_bytes;
-        blocks += child.blocks;
-
-        if compare {
-            if non_ignored_set.contains(&child.path) {
-                size_bytes_filtered += child.size_bytes_filtered;
-                blocks_filtered += child.blocks_filtered;
-            }
-        } else {
-            size_bytes_filtered += child.size_bytes_filtered;
-            blocks_filtered += child.blocks_filtered;
-        }
-    }
-
-    let (self_size, self_blocks) = path
-        .symlink_metadata()
-        .map(|m| (m.len(), m.blocks()))
-        .unwrap_or((0, 0));
-
-    Node {
-        path: path.to_path_buf(),
-        size_bytes: size_bytes + self_size,
-        blocks: blocks + self_blocks,
-        size_bytes_filtered: size_bytes_filtered + self_size, // self is always part of self
-        blocks_filtered: blocks_filtered + self_blocks,
-        entry_type: EntryType::Dir,
-        accessible: true,
-        children,
-    }
+    // Compatibility helper; callers needing diagnostics should use scan_tree.
+    scan_tree(
+        path,
+        &ScanOptions {
+            respect_ignore: ignore,
+            compare_ignore: compare,
+            ..ScanOptions::default()
+        },
+        &ScanControl::default(),
+    )
+    .map(|report| report.root)
+    .unwrap_or_else(|_| Node::unavailable(path))
 }
 
 fn process_node_recursive(
@@ -372,8 +261,6 @@ fn process_node_recursive(
     min_bytes: u64,
     sort_criteria: &[(SortColumn, SortDirection)],
 ) {
-    if node.children.is_empty() && node.entry_type == EntryType::Dir {}
-
     let mut display_children: Vec<&Node> = node
         .children
         .iter()
@@ -406,7 +293,7 @@ fn process_node_recursive(
 
     print_output(
         writer,
-        &node,
+        node,
         &display_children,
         args,
         &relative_path,
@@ -735,7 +622,7 @@ fn print_text(
                 Cell::new("N/A")
                     .fg(Color::Red)
                     .set_alignment(CellAlignment::Right),
-                Cell::new("Access Denied")
+                Cell::new("Unavailable")
                     .fg(Color::Red)
                     .set_alignment(CellAlignment::Right),
             ];
@@ -794,6 +681,9 @@ fn print_json(writer: &mut dyn Write, parent_node: &Node, children: &[&Node], ar
                 "path": &c.path,
                 "entry_type": c.entry_type.to_string(),
                 "accessible": c.accessible,
+                "complete": c.complete,
+                "hard_link_duplicate": c.hard_link_duplicate,
+                "skipped_mount": c.skipped_mount,
                 "disk_usage": c.blocks * 512,
                 "blocks": c.blocks,
             });
@@ -831,6 +721,7 @@ fn print_json(writer: &mut dyn Write, parent_node: &Node, children: &[&Node], ar
         "total_blocks": parent_node.blocks,
         "entries": entries_view,
         "accessible": parent_node.accessible,
+        "complete": parent_node.complete,
     });
 
     if args.apparent {

src/main.rs

@@ -29,5 +29,7 @@ fn main() {
         Box::new(std::io::stdout())
     };
 
-    run(args, &mut writer);
+    if !run(args, &mut writer) {
+        std::process::exit(1);
+    }
 }

src/scan.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,417 @@
+//! Filesystem scanning, independent of CLI parsing and presentation.
+//! Allocation is the filesystem's reported 512-byte blocks, not a prediction
+//! of bytes freed by deletion (snapshots and shared extents can differ).
+use ignore::WalkBuilder;
+use rayon::prelude::*;
+use serde::Serialize;
+use std::{
+    collections::HashSet,
+    fs::{self, Metadata},
+    io,
+    os::unix::fs::MetadataExt,
+    path::{Path, PathBuf},
+    sync::{
+        atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicU64, Ordering},
+        Arc, Mutex,
+    },
+};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Serialize, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct FileIdentity {
+    pub device: u64,
+    pub inode: u64,
+    pub links: u64,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Debug)]
+pub struct Node {
+    pub path: PathBuf,
+    pub size_bytes: u64,
+    pub blocks: u64,
+    pub size_bytes_filtered: u64,
+    pub blocks_filtered: u64,
+    pub entry_type: EntryType,
+    pub accessible: bool,
+    /// False when this node or any descendant could not be scanned.
+    pub complete: bool,
+    pub symlink: bool,
+    pub skipped_mount: bool,
+    pub hard_link_duplicate: bool,
+    pub identity: Option<FileIdentity>,
+    #[serde(skip)]
+    pub children: Vec<Node>,
+    #[serde(skip)]
+    pub own_size_bytes: u64,
+    #[serde(skip)]
+    pub own_blocks: u64,
+    #[serde(skip)]
+    included_by_filter: bool,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+pub enum EntryType {
+    File,
+    Dir,
+    Special,
+    Unknown,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for EntryType {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{:?}", self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Node {
+    pub(crate) fn unavailable(path: &Path) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            path: path.into(),
+            size_bytes: 0,
+            blocks: 0,
+            size_bytes_filtered: 0,
+            blocks_filtered: 0,
+            entry_type: EntryType::Unknown,
+            accessible: false,
+            complete: false,
+            symlink: false,
+            skipped_mount: false,
+            hard_link_duplicate: false,
+            identity: None,
+            children: Vec::new(),
+            own_size_bytes: 0,
+            own_blocks: 0,
+            included_by_filter: true,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn from_metadata(path: &Path, meta: &Metadata) -> Self {
+        let mut node = Self::unavailable(path);
+        node.entry_type = if meta.is_dir() {
+            EntryType::Dir
+        } else if meta.is_file() || meta.is_symlink() {
+            EntryType::File
+        } else {
+            EntryType::Special
+        };
+        node.accessible = true;
+        node.complete = true;
+        node.symlink = meta.is_symlink();
+        node.identity = Some(FileIdentity {
+            device: meta.dev(),
+            inode: meta.ino(),
+            links: meta.nlink(),
+        });
+        node.own_size_bytes = meta.len();
+        node.own_blocks = meta.blocks();
+        node
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
+pub struct ScanOptions {
+    pub respect_ignore: bool,
+    pub compare_ignore: bool,
+    pub stay_on_filesystem: bool,
+    /// None or zero selects Rayon's default worker count, scoped to this scan.
+    pub threads: Option<usize>,
+}
+
+/// Create a fresh control for each scan; clones share cancellation and progress.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
+pub struct ScanControl {
+    cancelled: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    visited: Arc<AtomicU64>,
+}
+
+impl ScanControl {
+    pub fn cancel(&self) {
+        self.cancelled.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+    }
+    pub fn is_cancelled(&self) -> bool {
+        self.cancelled.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn entries_scanned(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.visited.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    fn check(&self) -> Result<(), ScanError> {
+        if self.is_cancelled() {
+            Err(ScanError::Cancelled)
+        } else {
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct ScanIssue {
+    pub path: PathBuf,
+    pub kind: io::ErrorKind,
+    pub message: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct ScanReport {
+    pub root: Node,
+    pub issues: Vec<ScanIssue>,
+    pub entries_scanned: u64,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum ScanError {
+    Root { path: PathBuf, source: io::Error },
+    WorkerPool(rayon::ThreadPoolBuildError),
+    Cancelled,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for ScanError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::Root { path, source } => {
+                write!(f, "cannot scan '{}': {}", path.display(), source)
+            }
+            Self::WorkerPool(e) => write!(f, "cannot start scan workers: {e}"),
+            Self::Cancelled => write!(f, "scan cancelled"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+impl std::error::Error for ScanError {}
+
+/// The completed tree is published only after deterministic hard-link accounting.
+/// Cancellation is cooperative between filesystem calls, not syscall preemption.
+pub fn scan_tree(
+    path: &Path,
+    options: &ScanOptions,
+    control: &ScanControl,
+) -> Result<ScanReport, ScanError> {
+    control.check()?;
+    let metadata = fs::symlink_metadata(path).map_err(|source| ScanError::Root {
+        path: path.into(),
+        source,
+    })?;
+    let pool = rayon::ThreadPoolBuilder::new()
+        .num_threads(options.threads.unwrap_or(0))
+        .build()
+        .map_err(ScanError::WorkerPool)?;
+    let context = Context {
+        options,
+        control,
+        root_device: metadata.dev(),
+        issues: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
+    };
+    let mut root = pool.install(|| context.visit(path, Some(metadata)))?;
+    control.check()?;
+    reduce(
+        &mut root,
+        true,
+        &mut HashSet::new(),
+        &mut HashSet::new(),
+        control,
+    )?;
+    control.check()?;
+    let mut issues = context.issues.into_inner().unwrap();
+    issues.sort_by(|a, b| a.path.cmp(&b.path).then(a.message.cmp(&b.message)));
+    Ok(ScanReport {
+        root,
+        issues,
+        entries_scanned: control.entries_scanned(),
+    })
+}
+
+struct Context<'a> {
+    options: &'a ScanOptions,
+    control: &'a ScanControl,
+    root_device: u64,
+    issues: Mutex<Vec<ScanIssue>>,
+}
+
+impl Context<'_> {
+    fn issue(&self, path: &Path, kind: io::ErrorKind, message: String) {
+        self.issues.lock().unwrap().push(ScanIssue {
+            path: path.into(),
+            kind,
+            message,
+        });
+    }
+
+    fn visit(&self, path: &Path, metadata: Option<Metadata>) -> Result<Node, ScanError> {
+        self.control.check()?;
+        self.control.visited.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        let metadata = match metadata
+            .map(Ok)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| fs::symlink_metadata(path))
+        {
+            Ok(meta) => meta,
+            Err(e) => {
+                self.issue(path, e.kind(), e.to_string());
+                return Ok(Node::unavailable(path));
+            }
+        };
+        let mut node = Node::from_metadata(path, &metadata);
+        if self.options.stay_on_filesystem && metadata.dev() != self.root_device {
+            node.skipped_mount = true;
+            node.own_size_bytes = 0;
+            node.own_blocks = 0;
+            return Ok(node);
+        }
+        if node.entry_type != EntryType::Dir {
+            return Ok(node);
+        }
+        if let Err(e) = fs::read_dir(path) {
+            self.issue(path, e.kind(), e.to_string());
+            node.accessible = false;
+            node.complete = false;
+            return Ok(node);
+        }
+        let total_ignore = self.options.respect_ignore && !self.options.compare_ignore;
+        let (paths, total_complete) = self.paths(path, total_ignore)?;
+        let (filtered, filtered_complete) = if self.options.compare_ignore {
+            let (paths, complete) = self.paths(path, true)?;
+            (paths.into_iter().collect::<HashSet<_>>(), complete)
+        } else {
+            (HashSet::new(), true)
+        };
+        node.complete = total_complete && filtered_complete;
+        node.children = paths
+            .par_iter()
+            .map(|child| {
+                let mut node = self.visit(child, None)?;
+                node.included_by_filter = !self.options.compare_ignore || filtered.contains(child);
+                Ok(node)
+            })
+            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, ScanError>>()?;
+        Ok(node)
+    }
+
+    fn paths(&self, path: &Path, respect_ignore: bool) -> Result<(Vec<PathBuf>, bool), ScanError> {
+        let walker = WalkBuilder::new(path)
+            .standard_filters(false)
+            .hidden(false)
+            .parents(respect_ignore)
+            .git_ignore(respect_ignore)
+            .ignore(respect_ignore)
+            .max_depth(Some(1))
+            .build();
+        let mut paths = Vec::new();
+        let mut complete = true;
+        for entry in walker {
+            self.control.check()?;
+            match entry {
+                Ok(entry) if entry.path() != path => paths.push(entry.into_path()),
+                Ok(_) => {}
+                Err(e) => {
+                    complete = false;
+                    self.issue(
+                        path,
+                        e.io_error().map_or(io::ErrorKind::Other, |e| e.kind()),
+                        e.to_string(),
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        // Parallel collection preserves this order; ownership of a shared inode
+        // is then stable across worker counts and repeated scans.
+        paths.sort();
+        Ok((paths, complete))
+    }
+}
+
+fn reduce(
+    node: &mut Node,
+    included: bool,
+    all_seen: &mut HashSet<(u64, u64)>,
+    filtered_seen: &mut HashSet<(u64, u64)>,
+    control: &ScanControl,
+) -> Result<(), ScanError> {
+    control.check()?;
+    node.size_bytes = node.own_size_bytes;
+    node.blocks = node.own_blocks;
+    node.size_bytes_filtered = if included { node.own_size_bytes } else { 0 };
+    node.blocks_filtered = if included { node.own_blocks } else { 0 };
+    if node.entry_type != EntryType::Dir {
+        if let Some(id) = node.identity.filter(|id| id.links > 1) {
+            let key = (id.device, id.inode);
+            if !all_seen.insert(key) {
+                node.blocks = 0;
+                node.hard_link_duplicate = true;
+            }
+            if included && !filtered_seen.insert(key) {
+                node.blocks_filtered = 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    for child in &mut node.children {
+        reduce(
+            child,
+            included && child.included_by_filter,
+            all_seen,
+            filtered_seen,
+            control,
+        )?;
+        node.size_bytes += child.size_bytes;
+        node.blocks += child.blocks;
+        node.size_bytes_filtered += child.size_bytes_filtered;
+        node.blocks_filtered += child.blocks_filtered;
+        node.complete &= child.complete;
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use tempfile::tempdir;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn foreign_device_entry_is_marked_without_scanning_its_contents() {
+        let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        fs::write(dir.path().join("content"), b"not visited").unwrap();
+        let meta = fs::symlink_metadata(dir.path()).unwrap();
+        let control = ScanControl::default();
+        let options = ScanOptions {
+            stay_on_filesystem: true,
+            ..ScanOptions::default()
+        };
+        // Inject the parent scan's different device; this exercises the boundary
+        // policy without creating mounts or requiring privileged test setup.
+        let context = Context {
+            options: &options,
+            control: &control,
+            root_device: meta.dev().wrapping_add(1),
+            issues: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
+        };
+        let mut node = context.visit(dir.path(), Some(meta)).unwrap();
+        reduce(
+            &mut node,
+            true,
+            &mut HashSet::new(),
+            &mut HashSet::new(),
+            &control,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert!(node.skipped_mount);
+        assert!(node.children.is_empty());
+        assert_eq!(node.blocks, 0);
+        assert_eq!(control.entries_scanned(), 1);
+        assert!(node.complete);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn vanished_child_is_reported_without_fabricating_accessibility() {
+        let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let path = dir.path().join("vanished-after-discovery");
+        let options = ScanOptions::default();
+        let control = ScanControl::default();
+        let context = Context {
+            options: &options,
+            control: &control,
+            root_device: fs::metadata(dir.path()).unwrap().dev(),
+            issues: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
+        };
+        let node = context.visit(&path, None).unwrap();
+        assert!(!node.accessible);
+        assert!(!node.complete);
+        let issues = context.issues.into_inner().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(issues[0].path, path);
+        assert_eq!(issues[0].kind, io::ErrorKind::NotFound);
+    }
+}

tests/cli.rs

@@ -45,3 +45,55 @@ fn test_json_output() {
         .stdout(predicate::str::contains("\"entry_type\":\"File\""))
         .stdout(predicate::str::contains("\"path\":"));
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn missing_path_fails_without_a_success_report() {
+    let dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+    Command::new(env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_sized"))
+        .arg(dir.path().join("missing"))
+        .args(["--format", "json"])
+        .assert()
+        .failure()
+        .stdout(predicate::str::is_empty())
+        .stderr(predicate::str::contains("cannot scan"));
+}
+
+#[cfg(unix)]
+#[test]
+fn partial_scan_has_nonzero_status_and_explicit_json_flag() {
+    use std::{fs, os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt};
+    let dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+    let blocked = dir.path().join("blocked");
+    fs::create_dir(&blocked).unwrap();
+    fs::set_permissions(&blocked, fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o000)).unwrap();
+    let result = std::panic::catch_unwind(|| {
+        assert!(
+            fs::read_dir(&blocked).is_err(),
+            "permission tests require an unprivileged user"
+        );
+        Command::new(env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_sized"))
+            .arg(dir.path())
+            .args(["--format", "json"])
+            .assert()
+            .failure()
+            .stdout(predicate::str::contains("\"complete\":false"))
+            .stderr(predicate::str::contains("incomplete scan"));
+    });
+    fs::set_permissions(blocked, fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o700)).unwrap();
+    result.unwrap();
+}
+
+#[cfg(unix)]
+#[test]
+fn dangling_symlink_is_a_valid_scan_target() {
+    use std::os::unix::fs::symlink;
+    let dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+    let path = dir.path().join("dangling");
+    symlink(dir.path().join("missing"), &path).unwrap();
+    Command::new(env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_sized"))
+        .arg(path)
+        .args(["--format", "json"])
+        .assert()
+        .success()
+        .stdout(predicate::str::contains("\"complete\":true"));
+}

tests/scanning.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+#![cfg(unix)]
+use sized::{build_tree, scan_tree, EntryType, ScanControl, ScanError, ScanOptions};
+use std::{
+    fs,
+    io::Write,
+    os::unix::fs::{symlink, MetadataExt, PermissionsExt},
+};
+use tempfile::tempdir;
+
+fn scan(path: &std::path::Path) -> sized::ScanReport {
+    scan_tree(path, &ScanOptions::default(), &ScanControl::default()).unwrap()
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn hard_links_count_allocation_once_but_keep_apparent_sizes() {
+    let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+    let original = dir.path().join("a-original");
+    fs::write(&original, [9; 65536]).unwrap();
+    fs::hard_link(&original, dir.path().join("z-alias")).unwrap();
+    let expected =
+        fs::metadata(&original).unwrap().blocks() + fs::metadata(dir.path()).unwrap().blocks();
+    for threads in [1, 4] {
+        let report = scan_tree(
+            dir.path(),
+            &ScanOptions {
+                threads: Some(threads),
+                ..ScanOptions::default()
+            },
+            &ScanControl::default(),
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(report.root.blocks, expected);
+        assert_eq!(report.root.children[0].size_bytes, 65536);
+        assert_eq!(report.root.children[1].size_bytes, 65536);
+        assert!(!report.root.children[0].hard_link_duplicate);
+        assert!(report.root.children[1].hard_link_duplicate);
+        assert_eq!(report.root.children[1].blocks, 0);
+        assert_eq!(report.entries_scanned, 3);
+        assert!(report.root.complete);
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn ignored_hard_link_does_not_steal_filtered_allocation() {
+    let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+    fs::write(dir.path().join(".ignore"), "a-ignored\n").unwrap();
+    let original = dir.path().join("a-ignored");
+    fs::write(&original, [9; 65536]).unwrap();
+    fs::hard_link(&original, dir.path().join("z-included")).unwrap();
+    let report = scan_tree(
+        dir.path(),
+        &ScanOptions {
+            compare_ignore: true,
+            ..ScanOptions::default()
+        },
+        &ScanControl::default(),
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    let expected = fs::metadata(&original).unwrap().blocks()
+        + fs::metadata(dir.path()).unwrap().blocks()
+        + fs::metadata(dir.path().join(".ignore")).unwrap().blocks();
+    assert_eq!(report.root.blocks, expected);
+    assert_eq!(report.root.blocks_filtered, expected);
+    assert_eq!(report.root.children.last().unwrap().blocks, 0);
+    assert!(report.root.children.last().unwrap().blocks_filtered > 0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn hidden_files_are_counted_without_ignore_filtering() {
+    let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+    fs::write(dir.path().join(".hidden"), b"hidden").unwrap();
+    fs::write(dir.path().join(".ignore"), "build\n").unwrap();
+    fs::write(dir.path().join("build"), b"build").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(scan(dir.path()).root.children.len(), 3);
+    let report = scan_tree(
+        dir.path(),
+        &ScanOptions {
+            respect_ignore: true,
+            ..ScanOptions::default()
+        },
+        &ScanControl::default(),
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(report.root.children.len(), 2);
+    assert!(report
+        .root
+        .children
+        .iter()
+        .any(|n| n.path.ends_with(".hidden")));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn ignore_rules_are_inherited_by_nested_directories() {
+    let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+    fs::write(dir.path().join(".ignore"), "*.tmp\n").unwrap();
+    let nested = dir.path().join("nested");
+    fs::create_dir(&nested).unwrap();
+    fs::write(nested.join("skip.tmp"), b"ignored").unwrap();
+    fs::write(nested.join("keep.bin"), b"included").unwrap();
+    let report = scan_tree(
+        dir.path(),
+        &ScanOptions {
+            respect_ignore: true,
+            ..ScanOptions::default()
+        },
+        &ScanControl::default(),
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    let children = &report
+        .root
+        .children
+        .iter()
+        .find(|n| n.path == nested)
+        .unwrap()
+        .children;
+    assert_eq!(children.len(), 1);
+    assert!(children[0].path.ends_with("keep.bin"));
+    let compared = scan_tree(
+        dir.path(),
+        &ScanOptions {
+            compare_ignore: true,
+            ..ScanOptions::default()
+        },
+        &ScanControl::default(),
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(compared.root.size_bytes_filtered, report.root.size_bytes);
+    assert_eq!(compared.root.blocks_filtered, report.root.blocks);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn sparse_file_reports_blocks_and_logical_length_separately() {
+    let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+    let path = dir.path().join("sparse");
+    let mut file = fs::File::create(&path).unwrap();
+    file.write_all(&[7; 4096]).unwrap();
+    file.set_len(128 * 1024 * 1024).unwrap();
+    file.sync_all().unwrap();
+    let node = scan(&path).root;
+    assert_eq!(node.size_bytes, 128 * 1024 * 1024);
+    assert_eq!(node.blocks, fs::metadata(path).unwrap().blocks());
+    assert!(node.blocks * 512 < node.size_bytes);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn symlinks_including_loop_and_dangling_link_are_leaves() {
+    let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+    symlink(dir.path(), dir.path().join("loop")).unwrap();
+    symlink(dir.path().join("missing"), dir.path().join("dangling")).unwrap();
+    let report = scan(dir.path());
+    assert_eq!(report.root.children.len(), 2);
+    for node in report.root.children {
+        assert!(node.symlink);
+        assert!(node.children.is_empty());
+        assert!(node.complete);
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn missing_root_returns_error_and_legacy_helper_marks_unavailable() {
+    let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+    let path = dir.path().join("vanished");
+    assert!(
+        matches!(scan_tree(&path, &ScanOptions::default(), &ScanControl::default()),
+        Err(ScanError::Root { source, .. }) if source.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound)
+    );
+    let node = build_tree(&path, false, false);
+    assert_eq!(node.entry_type, EntryType::Unknown);
+    assert!(!node.accessible);
+    assert!(!node.complete);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn permission_error_propagates_incomplete_status_to_root() {
+    let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+    let blocked = dir.path().join("blocked");
+    fs::create_dir(&blocked).unwrap();
+    fs::write(blocked.join("unreadable"), b"data").unwrap();
+    fs::set_permissions(&blocked, fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o000)).unwrap();
+    let result = std::panic::catch_unwind(|| {
+        assert!(
+            fs::read_dir(&blocked).is_err(),
+            "permission tests require an unprivileged user"
+        );
+        let report = scan(dir.path());
+        assert!(report.root.accessible);
+        assert!(!report.root.complete);
+        assert!(!report.root.children[0].accessible);
+        assert_eq!(report.issues.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(report.issues[0].path, blocked);
+        assert_eq!(report.issues[0].kind, std::io::ErrorKind::PermissionDenied);
+    });
+    fs::set_permissions(blocked, fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o700)).unwrap();
+    result.unwrap();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn cancelled_scan_never_returns_completed_tree() {
+    let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+    let control = ScanControl::default();
+    control.cancel();
+    assert!(matches!(
+        scan_tree(dir.path(), &ScanOptions::default(), &control),
+        Err(ScanError::Cancelled)
+    ));
+    assert_eq!(control.entries_scanned(), 0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn cancellation_and_progress_work_during_scan() {
+    let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+    for i in 0..2000 {
+        fs::write(dir.path().join(format!("file-{i}")), b"x").unwrap();
+    }
+    let control = ScanControl::default();
+    let watcher = control.clone();
+    let cancel = std::thread::spawn(move || {
+        let deadline = std::time::Instant::now() + std::time::Duration::from_secs(5);
+        while watcher.entries_scanned() < 10 {
+            assert!(
+                std::time::Instant::now() < deadline,
+                "scan made no progress"
+            );
+            std::thread::yield_now();
+        }
+        watcher.cancel();
+    });
+    let result = scan_tree(
+        dir.path(),
+        &ScanOptions {
+            threads: Some(1),
+            ..ScanOptions::default()
+        },
+        &control,
+    );
+    cancel.join().unwrap();
+    assert!(matches!(result, Err(ScanError::Cancelled)));
+    assert!(control.entries_scanned() >= 10);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn special_file_is_not_treated_as_directory() {
+    let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+    let path = dir.path().join("fifo");
+    assert!(std::process::Command::new("mkfifo")
+        .arg(&path)
+        .status()
+        .unwrap()
+        .success());
+    let node = scan(&path).root;
+    assert_eq!(node.entry_type, EntryType::Special);
+    assert!(node.children.is_empty());
+    assert!(node.complete);
+}